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A homeland for the Jewish people is an idea rooted in Jewish culture and religion. In the early 19th century, the Napoleonic Wars led to the idea of Jewish emancipation.[1] This unleashed a number of religious and secular cultural streams and political philosophies among the Jews in Europe, covering everything from Marxism to Chassidism. Among these movements was Zionism as promoted by Theodore Herzl.[2] In the late 19th century, Herzl set out his vision of a Jewish state and homeland for the Jewish people in his book Der Judenstaat. Herzl was later hailed by the Zionist political parties as the founding father of the State of Israel.[3][4][5]
In the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the United Kingdom became the first world power to endorse the establishment in Palestine of a "national home for the Jewish people." The British government confirmed this commitment by accepting the British Mandate for Palestine in 1922 (along with their colonial control of the Pirate Coast, Southern Coast of Persia, Iraq and from 1922 a separate area called Transjordan, all of the Middle-Eastern territory except the French territory). The European powers mandated the creation of a Jewish homeland at the San Remo conference of 19–26 April 1920.[6] In 1948, the State of Israel was established.
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A ziggurat is a temple of ancient Mesopotamia that has the shape of a pyramid. The design of a ziggurat goes from a simple base with a temple on top. The base could be rectangular, oval or square. The ziggurat's core - the part not exposed to the weather - was built of sun-dried bricks, while the outer part was covered with cooked bricks, which could also be vitrified in different colors; the access was made by stairs located on the sides of the ziggurat or spiraling up to the top. One of the best preserved is that of Choga Zanbil in present-day Iran, in the territory between Iraq and Iran. The oldest preserved ziggurat is that of Kashan dating back to the third millennium BC.
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Demosthenes wanted the Greek city-states to join forces (urge together) and fight with the Macedonians. They did not follow his advice because it was to late for them to urge together.
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<u><em>Two main reasons for European exploration are faster routes to Asia— the source of spices and luxury goods. Another reason for exploration was spreading Christianity to new lands.</em></u>
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