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<em>Until most recently the Dutch historiography on the Second World War had been focused on subjects typical for this period: repression, resistance, the Hunger Winter of 1944-5 and, above all, the Holocaust. If anything was written about the economy, it was about exploitation resulting in impoverishment and hunger</em>
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B. made by the Third Estate to continue to meet until they could provide France with a new constitution.
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The Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) started after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, by the Congress under Gandhi's guidance. The purpose of this movement was to protest in opposition to the repressive policies of the British and to achieve self-government. The Non-cooperation movement was successful and was only in its final phases when the Chauri Chaura episode happened, where 22 policemen were killed after peasants attacked and burnt the police station. This event disgusted Gandhi as he was against violence with no exceptions.
The two groups into which the Congress divided after the Non-cooperation movement were the <em>pro-changers </em>and the <em>no-changers</em>.
The <em>pro-changers</em> group wanted to terminate the prohibition of elections to Legislative Councils. They felt that the conformation of the system was only possible by competing elections and gaining access to the legislature. It had leaders like Motial Nehru, Vithalbhai Patel and C R Das.
The <em>no-changers</em> group initiated a new party with the same Swaraj Party, in order to work as a group inside the Congress. They entered the legislature through elections and made it inconvenient and hard for the British to get their policies passed. Its leaders were Rajendra Prasad, C Rajagopalachari, and Vallabhbhai Patel.
Immigrants from northern and western Europe, such as Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia fled their countries because of war, famine, disease, and other such push factors.