The Black Death killed millions of millions of people which lowered the population
The different African colonies aren't united because of their languages, religion, and culture. Because of this, European armies are large and can easily take over the small African colonies because they don't like eachother and won't put their powers together for the greater good.
This is Hemingway's belief that issues should be dealt with stoically and heroically. This can be seen in The Old Man and the Sea in the way the man never gives up and fights the Fish with all that he's got.
Hope it helps! :-)
Anxiety disorder? Also you’re in the wrong subject lol