<span><span>The Espionage Act of 1917
was created to forbid intrusion of military operations and military
recruitment. It was also intended to
stop insubordination in the military, and to check the assistance of enemies of
the United States during times of war. In 1919, the U.S. Supreme Court </span>solidly
declared through Schenck vs. United States that
the act did not disregard the freedom
of speech of those sentenced under its provisions. The case of Charles Schenck who was the
general secretary of the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party who
distributed leaflets exhorting men not to obey the draft because
they considered involuntary servitude.
Schenck and a fellow named were convicted because the court defended the
decision because the situation during times of war require stricter measures
compared to times of peace of the presence of dangerous forces.</span>
Answer:
This procedure is know as:
D. known-groups paradigm.
Explanation:
Dr. Sheffield already knows the traits of each of the two groups - the gamblers and the alcoholics. What he is doing is establishing the validity of his measure by applying it to a group that has a certain trait - the gamblers - and to a group that does not have a certain trait - the alcoholics. This procedure is an example of known-groups paradigm. It is important to note that this type of procedure can also be applied to two groups that do possess the same trait, but with the purpose to verify which one will score higher on it.
B. A command economy is solely based on the government controlling all factors in production
