Numerous degenerative neurological conditions, most notably Parkinson's disease, have been linked to an excessive buildup of alpha synuclein (a-syn) in the brain. Intraneuronal inclusions, often known as Lewy bodies, are neuropathological characteristics seen in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and other synucleopathies. The aggregation of a-syn is their main structural component. A-syn accumulation, aggregation, and ensuing Lewy body formation can be attributed to a variety of biological processes. These include genetic changes in parkin, synuclein, or the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1), which results in less efficient removal of a-syn via the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway (UPP). Additionally, environmental variables and an age-related decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms that heighten oxidative stress and can have an impact on the formation or clearance of a-syn are intracellular insults.
We focused on changes in the aggregation and clearance of a-syn as impacted by the UPP and the oxidative stress pathways in our dynamic models of a-syn processing in both normal and various disease states. A free radical profile similar to that observed in vivo after exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is produced during simulation of enhanced oxidative stress (MPTP). To replicate the kinetics of a-syn that correlates to the neuropathology reported for the sporadic and hereditary types of Parkinson's disease, different model parameters of oxidative stress, UPP failure, or both routes are used. With the use of this in silico model, it is possible to evaluate the kinetics of pathway elements and more accurately identify and validate key pharmaceutical targets.
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Answer:
Reflex action is the sudden uncontrolled reaction towards a certain stimuli eg response to hot iron
Reflex arc is the path taken by reflex action to a certain stimuli
Diagram depends to
Receptor(eg skin), receptor nerve(sensory neurone),centre reflex arc(spinal cord most of reflex action) they met relay neurone, motor neurone and ends at reflexor (eg muscle)
C is the answer.We are using to classify organisms beyond molecular setting not by the physical structure.note-applicable for this question only
Answer:
prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have ribosomes
Explanation:
because both have ribosomes but those ribosomes are not the same kind
Answer:
D
Explanation:
This may seem difficult to answer at first, cuz A and even B sounds plausible, but the relative direction of where she's drawing the picture is not known. And we know that the sun does not rise and set in the same place everyday. So the best answer would be D
