Answer:
Under normal circumstances, bronchoconstriction is caused by Parasympathetic nervous system and bronchodilation is caused by sympathetic nervous system
Explanation:
bronchoconstriction is simply a a tightening, narrowing or constriction of the of brochioles ( airlways) that increase in mucous secretion and it may occour due to coughing, sneezing or any other factors.while bronchodilaiton is the relaxation or the dilation of the bronchioles (airways in the lungs) that decrease of mucous secretion
An increase in parasympathetic activity causes BRONCHOCONSTRICTION, a decrease in parasympathetic activity causes BRONCHODILATION. There is no sympathetic innervation of the bronchiole smooth muscle!
The effect of the Smooth muscle contraction usually may cause bronchoconstriction to decline or decrease in the diameter of the bronchioles while the effect or the result of the smooth muscle relaxation may cause bronchodilation to increase in the diameter of the bronchioles. Therefore, Parasympathetic stimulation leads to bronchoconstriction and sympathetic stimulation leads to bronchodilation.
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