<h2>ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, pest regulation and pollination, sustain agricultural productivity. Climate change and other stresses have the potential to make major impacts on key functions, such as pollination and pest regulation services.</h2><h2 />
Answer:
physiography originally means the study of nature . but here it means physical geography
Explanation:
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A chord made of tons only a half step or a whole step apart is known as a tone cluster .
Hence OPTION(D) is correct.
tone cluster :
A tone cluster is a musical chord comprising at least three adjacent tones in a scale . prototypically tone cluster are based on the chromatic scale and are separated by semitones . it is used in twentieth century music .
Polytonality :
The technique of using two or more tonal centres at the same time is called polytonality .
A polychord :
The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as a polychord . it consists of two or more chords ,one on the top of the other.
Bitonality :
use of two musical keys at the same time is called as bitonality.
Hence OPTION (D) IS correct.
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Spores are highly resistant structures formed in response to adverse conditions and once formed they have no metabolic activity and can remain dormant for years.
Two kinds of organisms form spores, namely bacteria and fungi.
Bacteria form spores basically for survival. Fungi on the other hand form spores for reproduction and these are either sexual or asexual in nature.
Examples of fungal sexual spores are zygospores, ascospores and basidiospores. Examples of fungal asexual spores (collectively known as conidia) are arthrospores, chlamydospores and blastospores.
The answer is splitting of water molecules. This happens during the light stage of photosynthesis where light energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll is used to split water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen. This process is called photolysis. The hydrogen ions joins the dark stage or the light independent stage, while oxygen gas is either released to the atmosphere or used for cellular respiration.