Answer:
Explanation:
The medieval Russian state was left vulnerable to invasion because of fighting between noble families and because of declining trade with the fading Byzantine Empire. The Mongols easily overwhelmed the Russians. The effects of their rule were mixed: while they brought peace to Eurasia and opened up trade routes for Russian traders in this region, they also imposed cumbersome tribute payments, established a precedent of absolutist, centralized rule, and cut off contacts with Europe, slowing the spread of scientific and artistic advancements.
ANSWER:
Crusades, military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their objectives were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land in the eastern Mediterranean, to conquer pagan areas, and to recapture formerly Christian territories;
Number 13 is B.) father of the constitution
Number 14 is either C or D, i'm sorry I'm not sure between the two.
I hope this helps cx
Volcanic Eruption should be the correct answer
