Example of intermediate technology is the treadle pump, which enables farmers to provide a greater amount of water to their plants more easily compared to watering by bucket, while requiring much less infrastructure than constructing irrigation dams and pipes.
Answer: The difference between call by value and call by reference is that in call by value the actual parameters are passed into the function as arguments whereas in call by reference the address of the variables are sent as parameters.
Explanation:
Some examples are:
call by value
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int, int);
int main()
{ int a = 10, b= 20;
swap(a, b);
printf("a: %d, b: %d\n", a, b);
}
void swap(int c, int d)
{
int t;
t = c; c = d; d = t;
}
OUTPUT
a: 10, b: 20
The value of a and b remain unchanged as the values are local
//call by reference
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int*, int*);
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20;
swap(&a, &b); //passing the address
printf("a: %d, b: %d\n", a, b);
}
void swap(int *c, int *d)
{
int t;
t = *c; *c = *d; *d = t;
}
OUTPUT
a: 20, b: 10
due to dereferencing by the pointer the value can be changed which is call by reference
Vital signs monitors, Electronic Medical Records (EMR), and Medication Management Systems.
Answer:
describing the structure of an information processing program or another process. Many introductory programming and systems analysis texts introduce this as the most basic structure for describing a process.
Explanation:
- A requirement from the environment (input)
- A computation based on the requirement (process)
- A provision for the environment (output)
Example: A small engineering firm believes there are problems with its hiring process. Several of the junior engineers that have been hired remained at the firm for less than one year. This is a considerable cost to the firm, since recruiting and training new engineers is time consuming and expensive. The human resources manager decides to put together a group of people with extensive experience hiring new engineers. One of their first tasks is to produce an input-output model of the hiring process. They generate the following.
