Answer:
Dehydration Synthesis
The monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts.
About this much of the energy released from food molecules during catabolism is released as heat: adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of the energy for the use and the storage at the cellular level. The structure of the ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the nitrogenous base (adenine), and ribose sugar, and the three serially bonded phosphate groups
ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria is the primary energy source for the important biological functions, such as the muscle contraction, the nerve impulse transmission, and the protein synthesis
In general, the main energy source for the cellular metabolism is the glucose, which is the catabolized in the three subsequent processes—the glycolysis, tricarboxylic and acid cycle (TCA or Krebs
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Answer:
The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells -that occurs during contraction- is due primarily to the persistent influx of calcium ion
Explanation:
The action potential of the heart muscle is longer with respect to skeletal muscle (around 300 milliseconds), and this is due to the activity of calcium (Ca⁺⁺ ) in the intracellular compartment.
The initial depolarization of cardiac muscle fiber depends on the entry of sodium (Na⁺) into the cell. However, for the action potential to occur and be maintained, Ca⁺⁺ must increase its cytoplasmic levels, which depends on:
- The increase in intracellular sodium induces the release of Ca⁺⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Calcium entry from the extracellular space through the voltage dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels.
- The entry of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ causes the release of more Ca⁺⁺ ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, further increasing its intracellular concentration.
This is how the ion that guarantees the duration of the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is the Ca⁺⁺.
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Answer:
Venus is not ideal for supporting life because it has a thick atmosphere which causes extremely high temperatures.
Explanation:
- Venus is the second planet near to the sun in solar system.
- It is called the twin of Earth because of its almot similar size.
- It completes one revolution in 225 days.
- It is the hottest planet on in the solar system having temperature near 735 K which is more than mercury, the nearest planet to the sun.
- The high temperatures of Venus results from its extremely dense and Carbon dioxide rich atmosphere. The atmosphere is surrounded by thick clouds of sulphuric acid that cause sulphuric acid rains.
- It is known as evening star.
Besides water, the sugar plants make called glucose.
