He is the head of government. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet.
The reform movement in politics, the society, and the economy was known as the Progressive movement.
This movement took several different steps to change American society. This included
A) The development of anti-trust laws- This would clean up the economy and stop monopolies from cornering markets and participating in price gouging.
B) Muckraking- Journalists exposed social ills in American society by writing influential books and using photographs to show things like the horrible working and living conditons of American citizens. This lead to changes in law (like the Meat Inspection Act) that increased consumer and worker safety.
C) 17th amendment- This lead to citizens voting directly for their US Senators instead of having them picked by members of the state legislature. This helped to stop political corruption.
The Revolutionary War with Britain after British colonists were already in the US, sent by the British. Basically, they were being taxed on stuff like Molasses and Tea. They didn't want taxation from a country in which they had no representation in government. This was the reason for the Boston Tea Party. Then of course they formed their own independent country once they were free from Britain.
Irredentism
"Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to claim/reclaim and occupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" territory from their nation's past. Wikipedia"