Answer:
- A signal for apoptosis that comes from outside the cell is when a cell detaches from extracellular matrix. If this happens, a transmembrane signal is triggered.
- Two examples of cellular occurrences that would prompt an apoptosis signal from inside the cell are:
1. Damaged DNA
2. Increase of cytosolic calcium concentration
Explanation:
Apoptosis can be activated from an intrinsic or an extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway is activated when a cell senses stress (for example, damaged DNA or high cytosolic calcium concentration) and triggers death proteins to activate apoptosis mechanism inside of it; the extrinsic pathway refers to the apoptosis triggered by signals that come from other cells. In this scenario, ligands bind to cell-surface death receptors and activates a death-inducing signal.
The dominant trait is hornless.
If this is correct, then the original bull is a heterozygote:
H = hornless
h = horned
Bull is Hh
Cross 1: Hh x hh (horned female) - offspring is hh (horned)
Cross 2: Hh x Hh (hornless female) - offspring is hh (horned)
Cross 3: Hh x hh (horned female) - offspring is Hh (hornless)
Cross 3 is the key to confirming this because the only way to get a hornless offspring would be if hornless is recessive.
Answer:
lichens and bryophytes[secondary seccession]
Explanation:
after the wildfire, the area would bee too dry and therfore it'll lead to a xerarch succession. lichens and bryophytes would be the climax communities.
Answer:
Sometimes molecules cannot move through the cell membrane on their own. These molecules need special transport proteins to help them move across the membrane. Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of substances with the help of transport proteins in the plasma membrane. These special proteins are called channel proteins or carrier proteins, and they are attached to the cell membrane. In fact, they go through the cell membrane, from the inside of the cell to the outside. Facilitated diffusion is used for molecules that cannot diffuse rapidly through cell membranes on their own, even when the molecules are moving from high to low concentration areas. An example is the sugar plants and animals use for energy, called glucose. Even though facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, it is still passive transport because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient so it does not require the use of cellular energy.
Saturated fats are bonded together by single bonds, are found in animals, and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats are bonded together by double bonds that create a “kink”/bend, are found in plants, and are liquid or oil at room temperature.
