A DNA mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. DNA mutations can affect an offspring can result in abnormal protein products. Mutations can also introduce new alleles into a population of organisms and increase the population's genetic variation.
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RFLP or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism exploits the variation of homologous DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) sequences. This technique is frequently used in different types of analysis such as genotyping, paternity tests, forensics, hereditary disease diagnostics, and many others. In diagnosing diseases, PCR is use to find the DNA of pathogens in small amounts to diagnose hundreds of genetic diseases. While in forensic investigations, PCR can give a probably ID from 20 cells.
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