The correct answer is d. pattern of behaviour that causes people significant distress. People usually confuse abnormal behavior with unusual behavior, but behaving in a way which out of the ordinary does not necessarily mean that a person suffers from a mental or psychological disorder. Abnormal behavior is often indicative of mental and psychological disorders. According to the The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, a psychological disorder is defined as an <em>"ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress, and is considered deviant in that person's culture or society".</em>
Population education is multidimensional because it effects all aspects of life - birth, death, migration, health status, employment status, economic status, housing and other issues. It is always changing, and you need to understand how it is changing to understand the issues of the day.
Primary Reinforcer vs Secondary Reinforcer
While a primary reinforcer is innate, a secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, treats, or money.
<span>The company was wanting to ensure that confidential data and company secrets weren't being leaked to outsiders. These people may use the information in ways that would hurt the business in the long-term, which is then used as a reason for terminating the employee.</span>
