The correct answer is Gorbachev. The Revolution in Eastern Europe was spurred by economic troubles and the reform policies of Gorbachev. Mikhail Gorbachev was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union and helped to end the Cold War. He led the Russia for new perspective with his new reform that spurred the Revolution in Eastern Europe.
Answer:
D. Abbasid dynasty
Explanation:
The city was founded in 762 as the capital of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty of caliphs, and for the next 500 years it was the most significant cultural centre of Arab and Islamic civilization and one of the greatest cities of the world. It was conquered by the Mongol leader Hülegü in 1258, after which its importance waned.
You might look up John Green's "Crash Course" episode on the Industrial Revolution. In his treatment of the subject, Green gives a quick rundown of reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Britain and Europe, which he notes are essentially ethnocentric reasons.
1. It is sometimes argued that the Europeans had a "superior rationality" (stemming from the Enlightenment). That's really just a cultural superiority argument, claiming Europeans are better and smarter than others.
2. Only Europe, it is said, had a strong culture of science and invention to make such inventive, innovative creations possible. It's true that there was such a strong inventive atmosphere -- but there have been similar cultures of science and invention in various times in history at various places around the globe
3. The freer political institutions (especially in Britain) encouraged innovation, and personal property rights in their political systems created incentives for inventors. There's some truth to that, but great inventiveness hasn't always happened in democratic countries. The Soviet Union made it into space before the United States did, for example.
4. It is said that the small population in European nations required labor saving inventions, because less labor was available. But the opposite argument could also be made. The larger a nation's population (someplace like China), the more they would want and need industrial advancement to make society work better for everyone.
Ethnocentric arguments tend to be made by persons within the ethic group favoring such arguments. It's better for us to take a global view and consider all perspectives.
Nirvana is the end of suffering according to the Buddhists religion.
Through rats in sewers is my guess
