Is this a question or a statement?
Urbanization is moving from a rural area to a city, So, one way it could have affected the country is a bunch of people moving to cities from rural areas. More then two million people were moving from their rural areas to the cities.
The English were in severe debt after the 7 Years War with France, therefore they increased taxes on the American colonies, leading to colonial governmental officials sending formal letters of protest to parliament. This ended up heightening tensions between the colonists and the British, leading to the American revolution.
It is B because Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviets