This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is as follows:
After receiving several tickets for speeding, Joseph lost his driver’s license for several months. When he got his driver’s license back, Joseph stopped speeding. The reason he stopped speeding is due to the consequence known as:
a) negative reinforcement
b) positive punishment
c) negative punishment
d) response chaining
Answer:
The reason he stopped speeding is due to the consequence known as:
c) negative punishment.
Explanation:
Reinforcement and punishment are means used to teach a person or animal to behave or to not behave a certain way. While reinforcements seek to motivate a certain behavior, punishments seek to discourage an undesirable behavior.
<u>We can have positive and negative punishments. Positive punishments consist of adding something that is unpleasant - for instance, the speeding tickets. On the other hand, negative punishments consist of removing something pleasant, taking away something desirable. When Joseph lost his license for several months, he lost something he needed and enjoyed. He was no longer allowed to drive. That is a negative punishment. With this punishment, he finally learned to stop speeding. </u>
