Answer:
D) bilayer membranes
Explanation:
Two lipidic bilayers compose the cell membrane. There are also proteins and glucans incrusted in between. Lipids are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads -negatively charged phosphate group- and hydrophobic tails. Lipids are arranged with their hydrophilic polar heads facing the exterior and the interior of the cells, while their hydrophobic tails are against each other, constituting the internal part of the membrane. Membranes are fluid, which means that the composing molecules can move through them.
Lipids can easily change places with other neighboring lipids by lateral diffusion in the same layer. This is passive diffusion, which means that it does not need energy to happen.
Lipids can also diffuse transversally to the other layer but not as easily as lateral diffusion. Jumps between monolayers are infrequent as the lipidic polar heads meet the fatty acid barrier.
There are also other lipidic movements as rotational diffusion that imply the rotation of the molecule.
Type II restriction enzymes, such as Ecor I, that make staggered cuts within its recognition sequence, are considered more effective in biotechnology because they result in cohesive or sticky ends.
<h3>What is Ecor I and why are sticky ends important?</h3>
Ecor I is a kind of restriction enzyme which is obtained from Escherichia coli. The palindromic sequence recognized by this enzyme is 5' - GAATTC - 3'. It makes the following cuts between G and A on both the strands of the DNA to form sticky ends:
5' - G↓AATTC - 3'
3' - CTTAA↑G - 5'
Sticky ends are a fragment of DNA which is produced through a staggered cut, by the use of restriction enzyme. In this the terminal portion stretches with unpaired nucleotides. These kind of ends are easy to ligate when rDNA needs to be formed.
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Answer:
As the heart pumps, glucose is carried in the bloodstream to cells all over the animal’s body. Oxygen which enters the animal’s body through its respiratory system (lungs, gills, skin, or exoskeleton) is carried by its transport system (blood for many animals to every animal cell. Once the glucose and oxygen arrive in the cell they can go through a chemical reaction. Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Cells transform the chemical energy in the glucose molecules into energy for cell functions, motion energy, and heat. Because of cellular respiration, muscle cells have access to the energy necessary to contract or relax in response to a signal from the brain sent through nerve cells, so muscles can contract or relax enabling the animal to move. During cellular respiration, energy is released in the cell to enable the work of the cell to occur. The atoms found in glucose are rearranged into carbon dioxide and water and are no longer needed by the cell so they are considered waste products. Cells have to get rid of unwanted waste products. Carbon dioxide and water move out of cells and into the blood. The blood carries the carbon dioxide and water to different places in different animals (the lungs, gills, skin, kidneys, or exoskeleton) where they are released into the environment. Animal movement we observe at the macroscopic scale is possible because cellular respiration is happening at the atomic-molecular scale.
The correct answer is that when a species is made up of different smaller groups, each of those smaller groups is known as a variety.
If the mass of both of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is quadrupled; and so on. Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational force
