The birth of gunpowder was quite accidental. It was first invented inadvertently by alchemists while attempting to make an life-extending ELIXIR. It was a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was being used in military affairs.
The answer is most likely (D). as the two ancient civilizations have been known to once have been ruled by dynasties, such as the Ming dynasty in ancient China and the Chola dynasty of ancient India. As well, both civilizations were ancient river valley civilizations.
Hope this helped.
Passed it without making changes is the correct answer.
