If a single company cheats on the cartel agreement then the unmarried company can grow its profit.
A cartel agreement is a settlement between competitions with the aim of hindering or proscribing competition or creating fake competition. Cartel agreements also can exist between providers and consumers, such as an instance retail fees.
A few examples of a cartel encompass The enterprise of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), an oil cartel whose members manage forty four% of worldwide oil production and 81.5% of the world's oil reserves.
A cartel is an illegal settlement between competition that restricts competition. Cartels are often hard to discover due to the fact the cartel members have a not unusual hobby of keeping the agreement secret.
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Answer:
the answer is D
Explanation:
Disagree. Cost accounting data plays a key role in many management planning and control decisions. The division president will be able to make better operating and strategy decisions by being involved in key decisions about cost pools and cost allocation bases. Such an understanding, for example, can help the division president evaluate the profitability of different customers The salary of a plant security guard would be a direct cost when the cost object is the security department of the plant. It would be an indirect cost when the cost object is a product. Exhibit 14-1 outlines four purposes for allocating costs:
1. To provide information for economic decisions.
2. To motivate managers and employees.
3. To justify costs or compute reimbursement.
4. To measure income and assets for reporting to external parties.
Exhibit 14-2 lists four criteria used to guide cost allocation decisions:
1. Cause and effect.
2. Benefits received.
3. Fairness or equity.
Ability to bear. The cause-and-effect criterion and the benefits-received criterion are the dominant criteria when the purpose of the allocation is related to the economic decision purpose or the motivation purpose. Using the levels approach introduced in Chapter 7, the salesvolume variance is a Level 2 variance. By sequencing through Level 3 (salesmix and salesquantity variances) and then Level 4 (marketsize and marketshare variances), managers can gain insight into the causes of a specific sales-volume variance caused by changes in the mix and quantity of the products sold as well as changes in market size and market share. The total salesmix variance arises from differences in the budgeted contribution margin of the actual and budgeted sales mix. The composite unit concept enables the effect of individual product changes to be summarized in a single intuitive number by using weights based on the mix of individual units in the actual and budgeted mix of products sold. A favorable salesquantity variance arises because the actual units of all products sold exceed the budgeted units of all products sold. The salesquantity variance can be decomposed into (a) a marketsize variance (because the actual total market size in units is different from the budgeted market size in units), and (b) a market share variance (because the actual market share of a company is different from the budgeted market share of a company). Both variances use the budgeted average contribution margin per unit.
Answer:
Explanation:
a) investors wil receive 6% x ( 1-0.35)
= 3.9% risk free debt after tax.
After tax return from risk free preferred stock earnings must be equal.
to evaluate the cost of capital fro preferred stock = 3.9%/(1-0.15)
= 4.59%
b) the after-tax debt cost of capital = 6% x (1- 0.40)
= 3.60%.
therefore, 3.60% is cheaper than the 4.59% preffered stoch cost per capital
c) r* = 1 - [{(1 - 0.40)(1 - 0.15)} / (1 - 0.35)] = 1 - 0.7846 = 0.2154, or 21.54%
Hence, 4.59% x (1 - 0.2154) = 3.60%
Answer:
The correct option is A
Explanation:
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable expense
= $150,000 - $120,000
= $30,000
Doombug's Profit Margin = Avoidable fixed expenses - Contribution Margin
= $8,000 - $30,000
= ($22,000)
Increase or Decrease in net operating income = Additional contribution margin - Doombug's Profit Margin
= $16,000 - ($22,000)
= ($6,000)
Therefore, there is decrease in net operating income of Doombug. So, there is decrease of $6,000.
Answer:
Brand equity
Explanation:
Brand equity refers to the value a company gains from its name
recognition when compared to a generic equivalent. Brand equity
has three basic components: consumer perception, negative or
positive effects, and the resulting value.
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