Answer:
E1: Pyruvate dehydrogenase, TPP, oxidative decarboxylation reaction
E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, Lipoamide and Co-enzyme A, transacetylation reaction.
E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, FAD and NAD+, oxidation reaction
Explanation:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a multi-enzyme complex with 5 co-enzymes and 3 apo-enzymes:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) , which uses thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as as co-enzymes to catalyze oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to hydroxyethyl-TPP.
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2): which uses lipoamide and coenzyme A as co-enzymes to catalyse the transacetylation from TPP to Lipoamide to form acetyl lipoamide.
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) which uses FAD and NAD+ as co-enzymes to catalyze the oxidation of lipoamide
<span>The hormone aldosterone is one of the causes of hypernatremia, which in layman's terms is excessive blood sodium ion concentration. Aldosterone is typically secreted naturally in the body by adrenal glands and sometimes in excess by benign (non-cancerous) adrenal tumors.</span>
Two ways that suggest that reflex reactions help maintain homeostasis in the human body are
1. By maintaining breathing - Maintenance of breathing is also a reflex reaction that helps maintain homeostasis on human body.
2. By recognizing discomfort level - In this case the reflex action can give message to the brain that the movement is causing discomfort and the body can move back to original position.
Answer:e
retroviruses
Explanation:
Retroviruses appear to cause cancer in their host by mutating the host gene sequences allowing for the activation of some potentially oncogenic genes to be expressed. They do this by inserting their proviral DNA into the host genome at specific regulatory sequences deregulating cellular signaling and transcriptional controls.
Answer:
a mucus or a gelatinous sheath
Explanation:
Most species of cyanobacteria are enclosed in a gelatinous sheath which is made up of proteins.