René (Renato) Descartes developed a scheme of logical reasoning based on four rules: 1. Evidence 2. Analysis 3. Synthesis 4. Enumerate
This 'mathematical' reasoning follows Empirical conviction that human knowledge is based on (sensory) experience and is not an act of faith.
Nevertheless, Descartes was a bit contradictory because he stated that 'we, inperfect humans, have to assume that a perfect God does exist.' But maybe he just said this in order to prevent himself from the troubles that his friend Galileo Galilei had to endure...
The connection between President Wilson's Fourteen Points and Germany's surrender was that Germany agreed to these points. The points moved for peace negotiations between countries and to promote world peace through abiding by these principles.
