Answer:
1. Eutrophication - When fertilizers, animal waste, or sewage flow into waterways, causing algal blooms and depriving other organisms of oxygen
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2. Biological augmentation - Adding natural predators to a damaged ecosystem
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3. Ecological footprint - The number of natural resources used to support an individual's lifestyle
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4. Biodiversity hotspot - Areas of high biodiversity that have been significantly impacted by human activities
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5. Acid precipitation - The result of pollutants reacting with water in the air to form sulfuric acid, which falls back to the earth's surface in rain, snow, sleet, or fog
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Explanation:
The enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem by minerals and nutrients caused by animal waste, human activities like sewage flow, farming, etc that lead to fertilizer runoff into waterways causing algal blooms which results in the oxygen depletion of the aquatic ecosystem. Algal blooms block sunlight from getting into the water and deprives other organisms of oxygen, thus harming the plants and animals in the ecosystem. Some species of algae produce toxins that are harmful to human or marine life.
It is the most efficient way to clean and restore nature and natural resources like water bodies, soil, etc by decomposing pollutants and adding essential materials to a damaged or degraded ecosystem with the use of organisms such as bacteria. Examples include increasing the available nitrogen in soil by nitrogen-fixing plants, wastewater treatment, cleaning of ponds and lakes by adding bacterial cultures, enzymes, etc.
It measures the number of natural resources and how fast they are consumed to support people or an economy and also the waste generated, i.e., measurement of human demand on nature. For the calculation of ecological footprint, the usage of certain categories of productive surface areas such as forest area, cropland, fishing grounds, grazing land, built-up land, carbon demand on land, etc is tracked. Based on this information, the quantity of natural resources we have and how much of these resources are used is measured.
It is a biologically fertile region that has a rich distribution of plants and animal species not found anywhere else and is highly threatened with destruction by human habitation. Examples of biodiversity include the Andes Mountains tropical hotspots, New Zealand archipelago, forest habitats, etc.
It is any form of precipitation including rain, dust, fog, snow or hail with acidic components that possess a pH of about 5.2 or below, such as nitric or sulfuric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere. The fossil fuel emissions such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, etc react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acid precipitation. By reducing fossil fuel emissions, the effect of acid precipitation can be reduced.
