The modern civil rights movement grew out of a long history of social protest. In the South, any protest risked violent retaliation. Even so, between 1900 and 1950, community leaders in many Southern cities protested segregation.
Funny story actually. Many of these were copied from Gandhi's Civil disobedience sense of logic. To punish people that are doing nothing wrong but just protesting is just ethically and morally wrong. Like shooting at someone clearly not a threat, and is not armed.
Inequality or discrimination can hurt an economy's ability to maximize it's human capital because if they have been excluded the market is based off physical atributes and other things, competition isnt like that.