Plasmids are small DNA fragments that occur in many bacterial cells.
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Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. It is found in amino acids that make up proteins, in nucleic acids, that comprise the hereditary material and life's blueprint for all cells, and in many other organic and inorganic compounds.
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Answer:
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria
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Fermentation occurs in anaerobic respiration, and produces less energy than in aerobic respiration due to the lack of ETC because oxygen is not present.
The group in which a star is classified according to its spectrum, especially using the Harvard classification.
