(1)
Troposphere – This is the densest layer and where weather events occur
Stratosphere – This is where the ozone layer is found. Some high altitude aircraft cruise in this layer.
Mesosphere – Temperatures drop with altitude in this layer
Thermosphere – This is where most of the meteorites that enter the earth’s atmosphere burn up. This layer takes up most of the Uv and X-rays from the sun. Most satellites orbiting earth are in this layer
Exosphere – almost akin to space due to the thinness of the layer. Molecules in the layer often escape into space
(2)
A ‘pause’ is a transition between the above-mentioned distinct layers. The tropopause, for example, occurs between the troposphere and the stratosphere and the stratopause between the stratosphere and mesosphere and thermopause is found between thermosphere and exosphere.
(3)
A temperature inversion is a rise in temperatures with altitude in a layer in the atmosphere. One layer exhibiting temperature inversion is the stratosphere. This is due to the ozone layer that absorbs UV light. The upper ozone absorbs most of the UV light, than lower ozone, exciting the molecules and making the higher altitudes in the layer to be warmer.
(4)
The ozone layer protects life on earth from the high energy UV radiation from the sun. UV is capable of causing double-stranded break on DNA resulting in genetic mutations on organisms. Most of these would be lethal. The Ozone absorbs most of the UV before it reaches earth's surface. Ozone is formed when an oxygen molecule reacts with another oxygen atom to form an O₃. The oxygen atoms are made from the splitting of an oxygen molecule by UV light.
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A and D are almost entirely solid solid
What I know is that amino acid has side chain, amine groupe ,and groupe of carboxyl so what make them difference is side group where the is 20 different R-group which give each individual characteristics
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In a typical energy pyramid the amount of energy that is being transferred is only 10% rest of the energy is lost in the form of heat.
The energy from the sun is converted in the form of chemical energy which is stored in the producers.
10 per cent of this energy is transferred to the next trophic level and rest of the energy is lost in the form of heat. This goes on, there is only a transfer of 10 % energy from the successive levels.
So, if the producers have 200 Kcal/m2/year energy the the primary consumers will have 10% of this energy which is equivalent to 20 Kcal/m2/year and then the secondary consumers will have 10 % of 20 Kcal/m2/year which is equivalent to 2 Kcal/m2/year.
