The expression "A + B <--> C + D" represents a chemical equation. A chemical equation represents the "mixture" of molecules or elements that will react and form other molecules and elements, so we can say that A, B, C and D represent molecules or elements.
But not only that. In a chemical equation, the elements and molecules that are before the symbol "<-->" represent the reagents in the equation. Therefore, A and B are the reagents. The elements or molecules found after the symbol "<-->" are the products of the reaction. Therefore, C and D are the products.
In mutualism both organisms benefit. The organisms in this example are the fungus and the ants. The ants provide food to the fungus so that it can live. In return the fungus provide food for the ants.
