<u>Iron-rich minerals align with the Earth's magnetic field</u> as basaltic lava erupts, cools, and forms magnetic patterns on the seabed.
Lava is molten rock that emerges as a liquid from under the Earth's surface. The term "lava" is also used to describe the rock that is generated when molten lava cools and solidifies. Either the substance is exceedingly stiff and barely flows, or it might be incredibly fluid, flowing nearly like syrup. The viscosity of the lava increases with silica concentration.
Hawaiian terms pahoehoe and aa (or a'a) refer to flows that are often formed by mafic (ferromagnesian, dark-colored) lavas like basalt. Smooth, subtly undulating, or extensively hummocky surfaces define Pahoehoe lava flows. A thin, still-plastic crust is dragged and wrinkled into twisted rope-like folds and rolls by the flowing molten lava beneath it.
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Sunday, July 20, marked 45 years since the United States put the first two astronauts safely on the moon. The cost for the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs was more than $25 billion at the time more like $110 billion in today’s world. The ensuing U.S. space efforts have cost an additional $196 billion for the shuttle and $50 billion for the space station. NASA’s total inflation-adjusted costs have been more than $900 billion since its creation in 1958 through 2014 (more than $16 billion per year). Looking back, have we gotten our money’s worth from the investment?
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