The term "counterculture" is used to refer to cultures with opposite rules, values, norms, etc. to the main culture. This term was adopted during the 20th century to describe multiple movements that did not follow the general culture. This included movements such as the Hippie movement and the Counter culture of the 60s that were widely influenced by the Beat Generation or Beat Writers that were a group of writers whose narrative and themes were against the established style. Indeed, the Beat writers focused on rejecting the war, and exploring sexuality, drugs, and the human condition; these ideas influenced multiple counterculture of the 20th century such as the counterculture of the 60s, the hippie movement, and the anti-war movement. Thus, one of the origins of the counterculture ideas came from the Beat writers.
For most freedmen in the South after the Civil War ended life was unfortunately not much different than it had been before (at least economically) since many of these men were denied social and economic rights, and were tied to the land of farm owners.
