Answer:
Bangladesh
Explanation:
After political, economical, and cultural divides between East Bengal and West Pakistan which had been present for almost 30 years, the Bengali people wished to be independent from West Pakistan. Some examples of these divides were the Bengali Language Movement, the Kaptai Dam, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, and further tensions & conflicts.
Eventually on March 7th 1971 the first revolutionary movements commenced amassing approximately 2 million people, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
The West Pakistani government ordered the nationalist movement to be stopped through military action, which prompted Operation Searchlight led by General Yahiya Khan. The operation resulted in the arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the leader of the Bengali nationalist movement. Before his arrest he declared the Independence of Bangladesh, which subsequently sparked the Bangladesh Liberation War within hours.
The Bangladesh Liberation War caused further conflict between both parties and India (supporting Bangladesh) enduring for 10 months, resulting in 300,000 - 3,000,000 civilian casualties. The conflict concluded as the Pakistani armed forces surrendered on December 16th 1971. After the war, on December 16th 1972 the People's Republic of Bangladesh was instated, which is still in place to this day.
Before WWI America owed Europe a lot of money, but after WWI the situation changed and the former allies owed America more than US$ 10 Billion for the cost of armaments and food supplies.
After the WWI a decade of tremendous prosperity started. This economic boom was a consequence of the mass production industries increasing gross domestic products, productivity and income, so business sales increase, driving up profits.
C. Decolonization is your answer.
Note that the passage gave the phrase "Many western... nations no longer had the enthusiasm or resources..." & "...westerners believed that people had the right to self-determination & self government." This meant that they would start instituting a system of giving power to the natives while slowly taking away their influence.
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