Answer:
There are 20 different standard L-α-amino acids used by cells for protein construction. Amino acids, as their name indicates, contain both a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. This difunctionality allows the individual amino acids to join in long chains by forming peptide bonds: amide bonds between the -NH2 of one amino acid and the -COOH of another. Sequences with fewer than 50 amino acids are generally referred to as peptides, while the terms, protein and polypeptide, are used for longer sequences. A protein can be made up of one or more polypeptide molecules. The end of the peptide or protein sequence with a free carboxyl group is called the carboxy-terminus or C-terminus. The terms, amino-terminus and N-terminus, describe the end of the sequence with a free α-amino group.
The amino acids differ in structure by the substituent on their side chains. These side chains confer different chemical, physical, and structural properties to the final peptide or protein. The structures of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins are shown in Figure 1. Each amino acid has both a one-letter and three-letter abbreviation. These abbreviations are commonly used to simplify the written sequence of a peptide or protein.
figure1-Protein-Structure
Depending on the side-chain substituent, an amino acid can be classified as being acidic, basic or neutral. Although 20 amino acids are required for synthesis of various proteins found in humans, we can synthesize only ten. The remaining 10 are called essential amino acids and must be obtained in the diet.
The amino acid sequence of a protein is encoded in DNA. Proteins are synthesized by a series of steps called transcription (the use of a DNA strand to make a complimentary messenger RNA strand – mRNA) and translation (the mRNA sequence is used as a template to guide the synthesis of the chain of amino acids which make up the protein). Often, post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation or phosphorylation, occur which are necessary for the biological function of the protein. While the amino acid sequence makes up the primary structure of the protein, the chemical/biological properties of the protein are very much dependent on the three-dimensional or tertiary structure.
Answer is: yes, it is <span>possible to be </span>reinfected<span> with the norovirus.
</span>Noroviruses ( food poisoning) are cause of acute gastroenteritis - diarrhea and vomiting. People are infected with noroviruses when they eat or drink contaminated foods and liquors. <span>Once someone </span><span>caught </span>norovirus<span>, </span>they<span> are immune to the illness for around 14 weeks.</span>
A protist has a nucleus inside of it to make it a Eukaryote, if it had no nucleus it would be consider a Prokaryote
Answer:
A source from which organisms generally take elements is called exchange pool (option B).
Explanation:
Options for this question are:
- <em>Food web.</em>
- <em>Exchange pool.</em>
- <em>Reservoir.</em>
- <em>Biotic community.</em>
The term exchange pool is related to the biogeochemical cycles that exist in nature, referring to the source from which elements present in the environment become part of living organisms.
<u>Exchange pools are the biotic components</u> -like animals and plants- of an ecosystem, which determine the passage of elements between living beings. An element can remain as a reservoir (abiotic) in the soil, and then be incorporated into the exchange pool.
Answer:
plate: a disk formed in the phragmoplast of a dividing plant cell that eventually forms the middle lamella of the wall between the daughter cells.
plate boundary: Plate boundaries are the edges where two plates meet. Most geologic activities, including volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain building, take place at plate boundaries. ... Convergent plate boundaries: the two plates move towards each other. Transform plate boundaries: the two plates slip past each other
earthquake: An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. ... An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a strain on the ground. The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and sliding along fault planes.
convirgent: In evolutionary biology, convergence pertains to an evolutionary process wherein organisms evolve structures that have similar (analogous) structures or functions in spite of their evolutionary ancestors being very dissimilar or unrelated.
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