Answer:
1870's
Explanation:
In the Age of New Imperialism that began in the 1870s, European states established vast empires mainly in Africa, but also in Asia and the Middle East.
The system of checks and balances refers to the ability of each branch of government to prevent another branch from becoming too powerful. This happens within the separation of powers outlined in the United States Constitution.
The "separation of powers" principle was an idea embedded into the plans for American government by our founding fathers, based on their reading of Enlightenment political theory. The terminology "separation of powers" was introduced by a French philosopher, Montesquieu, in <em>The Spirit of the Laws</em> (1748). Within his treatment of how governments will function best, Montesquieu argued that executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government ought to be divided between parts of the government, so that no one person or division of the government can infringe on the overall rights of others in the government or of the members of the society overall. The framers of the United States Constitution embedded the separation of powers into the plan for US government.
As noted by The History Channel, "In addition to this separation of powers, the framers built a system of checks and balances designed to guard against tyranny by ensuring that no branch would grab too much power."
Some examples of the checks and balances used would be:
- Congress (the Legislative Branch) controls the government's budget, so the Executive Branch needs Congress's support to fund any of its desired initiatives.
- The President nominates federal officials, but those nominations must be confirmed by the Senate.
- The President has the ability to veto laws passed by Congress, requiring a two-thirds majority to override his veto.
- The Supreme Court and other federal courts (the Judicial Branch of government) can rule that laws passed by Congress or executive orders by the President are unconstitutional, blocking their implementation.
Correct items that apply:
- The British gained control of Hong Kong.
- British citizens were granted immunity from Chinese laws.
- Chinese would pay the British for losses in the war.
- China would open five ports for foreign trade.
So, the only incorrect item in that list was "The British lost to the Chinese." The British did not lose -- they won and imposed the various conditions listed above.
<u>Further context/detail on the First Opium War (1839-1842)</u>
Britain had been trying to gain trade access to China as part of its imperial ambitions. They found a product they could get Chinese people to buy -- the drug, opium. The Chinese government vehemently opposed this illegal trading the British were carrying on, and the First Opium War resulted. The British won and imposed the Treaty of Nanking on China in 1842, which compelled China to open its doors more widely to foreign trade. The United States followed up in 1844 with The Treaty of Wangxia, which gave the US access to trade in China.
From 1850 to 1860, conflict continued between the British and the Chinese in the Second Opium War, again with Britain prevailing and forcing China to open trade rules still further.
Answer:
The author means that Alcatraz Island does not have the minimum resources for the native population to live to the full, which will force the natives to submit to white citizens and be exploited as the white man deems necessary.
Explanation:
The standards of the white man reaffirmed his own supremacy over other races, in addition to establishing that these other races should submit to the will of the white man and be exploited so that whites can achieve their goals. For this reason, the author of the text to which the question is referring states that "Alcatraz Island is more suitable for an indigenous reserve," because that island does not have the minimum resources for the indigenous population to be able to live with the basics of comfort. For this reason, to survive, the indigenous population would be forced to submit to the wishes of the white man.
