The answer to this question is:
Atomic Bomb
I Believe the last nation to outlaw slavery in Latin america was Brazil.
The popularity of the Gutenbag Press in Europe made books more accessible and motivated people to want to learn how to write.
The two countries are Canada and the United States since Alaska is in the Arctic Ocean
They didn't need to pay any expenses whatsoever. They were the main ones who could hold vital positions. Officers in the armed force. Nobles controlled peasants. They didn't need to pay most duties and gathered tolls from individuals utilizing streets and markets. Numerous nobles and clergy lived in awesome extravagance in chateaux and castles.