When we have 2 points, (x₁ , y₁) and (x₂ , y₂), we can calculate the slope of the line that passes through them with the formula (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁). In this case, we will do (8 - 8) / (-14 - (-4)) which is 0/(-10), or 0. Hope this helps!
The 1:3 ratio means that the distance from A to the point is 1/4 of the distance from A to B.
The difference of y-coordinates is 10-8 = 2. 1/4 of that is 2·1/4 = 1/2, so the point of interest will have y-coordinate 8 + 1/2 = 8 1/2. This apparently corresponds to the first selection:
