I believe it was the division of Byzantium and the Latin West. Byzantium was the emperor of Constantinople the area around Greece and Turkey and North into Russia. Latin West was under the control of different people until dominance of the Franks in the region. Another powerful and well noted authority was the Pope. Basically...there was a the decline of Rome and different views on the Christian doctrine. (Q_Q ) That's the best way I can word it.
, Dissenting judges usually feel that civilian control leads to a stable democracy with liberal ideals. Military authorities are viewed as being too forceful for civilian control.
Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France permanently, and it lost the Saar Basin for 15 years (until it voted to rejoin Germany in 1935).
Napoleon rose to power by being a very successful artillery oficer. He did this by taking over Italy and Switzerland's by defeating Australia and Sardina armies. Also by saving the Directory from the royalists, who hoped to restore the Bourbon by legal means.
