So let's say you start out with 2 reds and 6 blues, that is equivalent to 1:3. to get a ratio of 3:1 we would need to add 16 more red counters to get the ratio we need, because there are 6 blue counters and 18 red counters, 18 divided by 6 is 3.
I'm not sure if this helps please correct me if I am wrong. -~-
Start by finding out how many books per shelf. So divide 48 by 6, which would mean 8 books per shelf. Multiply this by 12 shelves, which gives you 96 books. Hope this helps!!