The correct option is A
The bureaucracy is necessarily hierarchical, first because of the iron law of the oligarchy and secondly because the bureaucracy grows adding more subordinate layers. As in the absence of a market there is no genuine proof of "merit" in government service to consumers, in a bureaucracy limited by rules, the hierarchy is often used as representative of merit. Increasing the hierarchy leads therefore to the promotion to the highest levels, while the expanded budgets take the form of multiplication of levels of ranks under you and expand your income and power. The bureaucratic growth takes place, therefore, multiplying the levels of the bureaucracy.
<span>The growth and development of the Repulican party, as well as the Election of 1856 had a large impact on the American political system during the above time period, just as the impact of slavery was influential. Slavery and anti-immigrant mentalities actually weakened the main political parties and allowed for the emergence of the Republican party during this time. This party formed in the midwest and in some regions in the north.</span>
Answer:
Corruption in the Catholic Church encouraged the idea for reform. The sale of indulgences.
