The principles that the declaration of independence is based upon are
1. self-evident
2. equality
3. unalienable rights
4. pursuit of happiness
(The next ones are from the preamble)
5. justice
6. domestic tranquility
7. general welfare
It's called Nullification
The answer for this would be the United Nations. When international law is violated the United Nations have a tribunal to determine the laws broken and the guilt of the accused.
Mempa v. ray held that a probationer should have the opportunity for COUNCEL before a deferred prison sentence can be imposed.