The correct answer is D) openness and honesty.
An anthropologist publishes a paper but does not disclose information about the fact that a charity-sponsored the study. The ethical principle the anthropologist is violating is the principle of openness and honesty.
The Anthropologist must share the credit of its research because the charity institution or different people donated resources that made the research possible.
This means that without that support, teh research could have not to be conducted. That is why it is important to share the credit and disclose information about the people and institutions that supported the research. Being open and honest are traits that every research needs in this activity. Otherwise, the anthropologist is about to close many doors for further opportunities.
Confederation
The Articles of Confederation established a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central/federal government.
The proportionality principle in the jus ad bellumIt requires the consideration of the likely costs and benefits of doing so, as opposed to choosing alternative courses of action or maybe not. Al this before engaging in war or the use of force.
Hope this helps.