<span>They act as a barrier against toxins and other harmful things in the environment. They also are a source of nutrients that are stored. The microenvironment is also favorable due to its high level of hydration and low oxygen levels.</span>
Answer:
d. ocean circulation patterns are affected by global cooling
Explanation:
According to current studies, during glacial periods the change of ocean circulation and the increase of its productivity contributed to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 levels. As a result, this reduction influenced the cooling of the poles and the expansion of the Antarctic ice sheets in the Cenozoic period. Therefore <em>the change in ocean circulation</em> influences the <em>cooling of the earth.</em>
Answer:
The trophic efficiency between the primary and the secondary produces is 18.064 %
Explanation:
The trophic efficiency is the ratio or the fraction obtained by dividing the energy used for growth at a trophc level by the level of energy supplied at the the next lower trophic level.
The given parameters are;
The energy produced by the bacteria (primary consumer) = 173,000 kJ/(m²/y)
The energy contained in the plankton = 28,000 kJ/(m²/y)
The energy contained in the shrimp = 3,100 kJ/(m²/y)
The energy contained in the herring = 150 kJ/(m²/y)
Therefore, we have;
Energy supplied at the primary trophic level = 173,000 kJ/(m²/y)
The energy used for growth (contained) in the secondary trophic level (secondary consumer) = 28,000 + 3,100 + 150 = 31,250 kJ/(m²/y)

