A monologue means that there is only one person who's doing the talking, while the remaining characters listen. So, in a dramatic monologue, the character addresses 'a silent auditor'.
Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. Its orbit around the Sun takes 87.97 days, the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger of the gods
The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass AS Earth, with a similar interior, including a nickel-iron core.
Diction is the author's word choice.
So A, otherwise known as the first choice in your list.
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They ratified the constitution by state legistlatures voting and included a bill of rights to prevent the government from taking their rights away.