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trasher [3.6K]
3 years ago
14

Which part of the cell cycle is disrupted when you get a sunburn?

Biology
1 answer:
sergey [27]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

UV radiation basically damages skin by transferring energy to molecules in your skin, such as DNA, fat, proteins, etc. These molecules, which are already in their proper arrangement, absorb this energy. If the molecules absorb enough energy, the bonds holding them together can break, forming a new shape completely. For a cell that already has been chugging along smoothly thanks to specific molecules with specific shapes doing specific jobs, this is a big deal and causes serious problems.

Explanation:

UV radiation damage to DNA is a particular problem. DNA is a huge molecule and actually quite fragile. When a molecule of DNA is present in a cell, it resembles a zipper: it has two strands, with each strand tightly bound to corresponding molecules on the opposite side, called bases.

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Briefly summarize the structure of moss.
bazaltina [42]

Mosses are ​bryophytes​, primitive plants believed to be among the first to develop the ability to live on land. Moss plants have no vascular tubes to transfer water or nutrients, and no true stems or roots. Environmental water sources and absorption limit moss plant size.

There may be as many as 15,000 species of mosses. Although unique species of moss grow in dramatically different habitats across the planet – from the arctic to the desert – all have basically the same structure.

<h2>Basic Moss Spores</h2>

The initial moss plant is a spore given off by the sporophyte that forms at the end of the moss plant’s “stem.” Released spores travel long distances on the wind and may remain viable for decades. Moss spores landing in suitable conditions divide and produce hairy filaments called ​protonemas​, which are like thin plant threads that weave across the growing medium. Sprouting from the spore filaments, gametophytes form, held to the surface by rhizoids.

<h2>Main Structure of Moss</h2>

The main moss structure is the ​gametophyte​, which functions like a moss’s “stem” and “leaves.” A moss "stem" is called the ​axis​, and this part of the moss supports leaf-like structures.

​Phyllids​ are the leaf-like structures that carry out photosynthesis, transforming sunlight into sugars the moss uses for food. Typically arranged in a spiral, moss “leaves” are usually one cell thick with ribs two or more cells thick down their centers. The cells of moss plants contain ​chlorophyll​, the green pigment that is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

Does moss have roots? No, not really. Moss stems end in root-like strands called ​rhizoids​, specialized to hold the moss to its growing surface. Rhizoids anchor moss plants to the surfaces they grow on, but they do not absorb water and nutrients like true plant roots.

<h2>Second-Generation Growth</h2>

The second moss structure is really a second generation. Moss reproduction occurs sexually, using separate plants produced at different times. The two separate kinds of moss plants are called ​gametophytes​ (which produce gametes) and ​sporophytes​ (which produce spores).

Gametophytes are tipped with either inverted cone-shaped areas (​archegonia​) or male reproductive organs (​antheridia​). Released sperm (​antherizoids​) need water since they swim to the archegonium. This is one of the main differences between bryophytes and vascular land plants – mosses need water for their sexual reproduction process.

Fertilization occurs once an antherizoid swims to an archegonium. Sprouting from the gametophyte tip after fertilization, a sporophyte holds itself in place by anchoring a foot in the archegonium.

<h2>Spore-Bearing Parts</h2>

The sporophyte stalk, called the ​seta​, bears the ​sporangium​ (spore capsule) on its tip. One sporangium may produce up to one million spores. Maturing spore capsules are guarded by a covering called the ​calyptra​ that shrivels and falls off when the spores are mature. The calyptra can be a distinguishing part of a moss species, and they are often useful in identifying new mosses.

A cap called the ​operculum​ tops the capsule's opening under the calyptra. The capsule opening (​peristome​) can have teeth that help hold it closed. Matured spores are released when the capsule top ruptures and drift off to form new plants. Like the calyptra, the operculum and peristome of some moss species are highly identifiable.

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Can someone please help me with this problem
QveST [7]

Answer:

Autosomes

Explanation:

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes are known as the sex chromosomes, because they decide if you will be born male or female. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Hope this helps!

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
NATURAL SELECTION is defined as, individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates be
aliina [53]

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

It is defined as, individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates because of these traits

Natural selection is defined as organisms developing inherited traits that better help them survive in their environment.

<em>Hope this is correct, have a great day!</em>

6 0
2 years ago
The recirculation of fluids in the body is essential to homeostasis, eliminating local variations in the fluids, maintaining blo
Alla [95]

Answer:

D) cardiovascular system, interstitial fluid, lymph, cardiovascular system

Explanation:

1) Fluid drain from cardiovascular system into extracellular spaces bathing and providing the nutrients to cells (Interstitial fluid).

2) The fluid collects the waste products and drains into the lymphatic vessels as lymph.

3) The lymphatic ducts empty into subclavian vein to return to blood circulation.

6 0
3 years ago
QUESTION 1
Arturiano [62]
Im gonna answer the ones i stufied in grade5 and back soo question 2 a food web question 4 they break down dead and decaying organic material question7 omnivores
3 0
3 years ago
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