This is an overview of translation process.
Translation is the process in protein synthesis in which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is translated into sequence of amino acid in polypeptide chain.
Ribosomes bind to mRNA in the cytoplasm and move along the molecule in a 5 prime to 3 prime directon until it reaches a start codon i.e AUG. Anticodons on tRNA molecules align opposite appropriate codons according to complementary base pairing (e.g. AUG = UAC). Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid (according to the genetic code)
. Ribosomes catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids (via condensation reactions)
. The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule synthesising a polypeptide chain until it reaches a stop codon
. At this point translation ceases and the polypeptide chain is released
Answer:
<u>Science</u> is the careful study of the structure and behaviour of the physical world, especially by watching, measuring, and doing experiments, and the development of theories to describe the results of these activities. (according to Cambridge dictionary)
Answer:
Animal cells also take in and lose water by osmosis. They do not have a cell wall, so will change size and shape when put into solutions that are at a different concentration to the cell contents. Red blood cells lose water and shrink in a concentrated solution. They swell and burst in a solution that is too dilute.
When two atoms react, they form either of two kinds of bond, ionic bonds or covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds are the type of bonds where there is transfer of electrons from one atom to another. The electrons are removed and from one atom and attached to another. A good example is salt which is composed of sodium and chlorine. Sodium readily loses one of its electrons and chlorine readily accepts it. Before losing the electron, sodium has a positive charge, but then becomes negatively charged after giving up the electron. Chlorine has a positive charge before gaining the electron but becomes negatively charged after gaining the electron. These opposite charges between sodium and chlorine attract the two elements together to form the ionic bond.
Covalent bonds are the kind of bonds formed when two atoms share electrons. Here there is sharing, none of the atoms loses an electron and none gains. A good example is water which is formed when oxygen shares two electrons, each with an atom of hydrogen.
The Oxygen atom forms two covalent bonds with the pair of hydrogen atoms.
