The material or substance on which an enzyme acts upon is known as the substrate, they are nothing but reacting molecules and or substances that are able to ultimately be converted to product substances. By the aid of biological enzymes, that lower the energy of activation needed for a chemical reaction to proceed.
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The blood cells will lyse (burst) because the water is hypotonic to the cells.
The answer is A. This ensures that the resource has enough time to regenerate so as to sustain consumption. An example is that of the carrying capacity of a habitat. If a herd of cows exceed the carrying capacity of the grazeland, the grass will be depleted and the area will be predisposed to desertification. The environment will not be able to sustain the cows anymore until the herd number reduce.