1st question answer: when someone presents an either/or scenario but there are other options
2nd question answer: You have two choices: You can buy American goods or you can support the sorry work environment of other countries that make our products.
3rd question answer: faulty reasoning in an argument
4rth question answer: in advertisements, literature, biographies, political speeches, and blog posts
This is a type of informal,correlative-based fallacy claims or assumes an either/or situation,when in fact there is at least one additional logically valid option.
