Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
it uses this energy to survive and to hunt for more energy
Correct option a) Increased plasma volume.
A potential negative health effect of stress is Shrinks the brain. Stress that's the left unchecked can contribute to many health problem, such as high blood pressure , heart disease , obesity and diabetes.
The volume of the brain tends to remain about the same, it has been found that chronic stress in healthy individuals can causes areas of the brain associated with emotions , metabolism and memory of that individual to be shrink slowly.
Stress can also be positive which is distress , getting job promotion or being given grater responsibilities keeping us alert and ready to avoid danger. It can became negative if a person faces continuous challenges without relief or relaxation between challenges.
To learn more about chronic stress here
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The answer to this is older, but it's not a proven fact even though schools teach it as if it were. It is still just a theory if you think about it with how much the earth moves, areas of rock could be complete upside down and no one would know, it would be like history in reverse.
Answer:
Dissociation of actin subunits occurs.
Explanation:
When we add phalloidin to a solution containing G-actin, the phalloidin binds to actin filaments more tightly as compared to actin monomers which leads to a decrease in the constant rate of dissociation of actin subunits from the ends of the filament. This dissociation stabilizes the actin filaments through the prevention of filament depolymerization. So we can conclude that addition of phalloidin to actin leads to stabilizing of actin filaments.