I think the end of the question is "g" not "c". To get the offspring wanted, there are two types of genotype, one is TTgg, the other one is Ttgg. The chance of getting TT or Tt is 1-(1/2)*(1/2)=3/4. The chance of getting gg is (1/2)*(1/2)=1/4. So the total chance is (3/4)*(1/4)=3/16.
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<u>Answer:</u>
- few nutrients
- high pressure
- low temperatures
<u>Explanation:</u>
1. Few nutrients: open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.
2. High pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.
3. Ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface.
4. Varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.
5. Low temperatures: the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°C to an average of 17°C.
