This is in general a true statement. During this time in the United States the Industrial Revolution had created many new employment opportunities in factories, which led to dangerous conditions and subsequently unions. People were not used to this level of productivity.
forgive me if im wrong but i think its the Mississippi river im not sure of the other one
I would say its because no one really decided to change anything. No one during the old ages really knew how to do anything and only used what they had and what was closest to them.
Columbus claimed to have found a route to the West Indies (what he was looking for). He belived his claim until his death. However, it was later discovered that he had in fact found the Americas.