The answer is professional people, artistions, and farmers. Hoped this helped!
The main focus city of the Crusades was Jerusalem. The idea was that it was Christian territory, or at least should be Christian territory, and they always went to reconquer it. The fourth Crusade never made it to Jerusalem because they were busy sacking Constantinople which had a lot of troubles due to constant wars of the Byzantine Empire.
The Mandate of Heaven concept helped individuals or groups of people gain power in a civilization. An individual would claim that they had received a Mandate of Heaven which granted them divine recognition to rule. By claiming their authority came from the gods, the people would accept them as their leader.
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Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower was the United States President in the year 1957.
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