People in towns didn't have to give their produce to feudal lords and were independent if they paid their taxes, and the taxes were not as high as they were for people in the land. This caused many people to abandon their feudal lords and move to cities where they would work freely.
They sought to answer their necessity for growth and industrial production. They were producing and needed more resources and places to sell so they colonized places and they wanted to become stronger so that they could beat other European powers and then they more or less ruined the world with colonization and wars.
The correct answer is the second 1
